Romanesco goes by various names, including Romanesco broccoli, fractal broccoli, or Roman cauliflower, though it’s considered to be a hybrid between cauliflower and broccoli. And it’s part of the Brassica genus (also known as cruciferous vegetables)
This Italian heirloom that was once grown exclusively around Rome produces striking light green heads composed of numerous cone-shaped florets, each one growing in a logarithmic spiral. The pointed groups of buds are a cluster of branched meristems arising from a central stem in a spiral arrangement, creating a fractal pattern (a self-similar pattern). The heads can be quite large, up to 5 pounds each.
The strap-like leaves are a dark blue green typical of broccoli or cauliflower and the plants look very similar to those other vegetables when they are growing in the garden.
Romanesco has a mild flavor, often described as “nutty, slightly spicy” with a texture similar to cauliflower. It can be prepared in a manner similar to cauliflower or broccoli – eaten raw or cooked – but it has a different flavor than either of those vegetables. Separate the florets and steam lightly until tender. Try drizzling them with olive oil and fresh lemon juice, instead of dressing with butter. Other ways to use romanesco include mixed with other sautéed vegetables, combined with pasta in a garlic sauce, or covered in a cheese sauce.
This cruciferous plant is as easy to grow as normal broccoli or cauliflower. Even though it is a cool season plant, it is best started indoors 4-6 weeks ahead of time and transplanted into the garden after the last frost.
Place the plants 18-24″ apart, in fertile, well-drained soil. Keep well watered and fertilize once or twice during the growing season. Romanesco plants are susceptible to the same insect and disease problems as other brassicas, so be on the lookout for cabbage caterpillars (imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni). You can cover the plants with floating row cover to prevent the adults of those caterpillars from laying eggs on the leaves, but this can be challenging once the plants get large. Other controls include regular sprays of Bt or chemical insecticides labeled for use on cole crops.
Heads should be ready to harvest 75-100 days after transplanting. Once they are ready the entire head can be cut off with a sharp knife or individual stalks can be removed. Once the head is cut it does not typically produce new side shoots. Choose dense heads without any discoloration. Harvested heads can be stored in plastic in the refrigerator for about a week
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