Aka bitter root, state flower of Montana.
Bitterroot is a very attractive wildflower suited for dry, naturalized gardens. It is a low plant with numerous narrow leaves in a basal rosette and lacking a large flower stem with leaves. The thick, fleshy leaves appear before the flowers appear and whither as the flowers bloom. The leaves range from 1.5-5 cm long and are linear-clavate. The short, leafless stem ranges from 1-3 cm tall, and has a whorl of 5-6 linear bracts from 5-10 mm long at its tip.
The large showy flowers are variable in color, from whitish, rose, to deep pink and occasionally a light peach color. The 12-18 (usually 15) petals are oblong-oblanceolate in shape from 18-35 mm long. The 6-9 (usually 4) sepals are oval, 10-25 mm long, and often similar in color to the petals. The stamens are numerous, numbering 30-50. There may be just one flower on the stem, but more typically there are 2-3. After flowering, the sepals close around the ovary. On maturation of the seeds, the sepals and enclosed ovary as a unit tend to break free of the scape and are then blown across the ground, scattering seeds away from the parent.
The fleshy taproot, although bitter in taste, was highly prized by native Americans as a food source. Commonly it was dug as the leaves developed, at a period when they were less bitter. They were peeled and boiled, then eaten immediately or dried for later use. The bitterroot is also the state flower of Montana.
Bitterroot is suitable for use in rock gardens or in troughs, especially when used east of the Cascade Mts. I have a number of plants that have survived the numerous winter rains west of the Cascades, but they need to be planted on raised sand and gravel beds to the front of the planting, away from other plants which may overwhelm them. Some have survived out in the open all winter, while I have covered others with hoop frames covered with plastic.
SOWING ADVICE: SEEDS CAN BE SOWN AT ANY TIME BUT ARE BEST SOWN IN WINTER OR EARLY SPRING TO BENEFIT FROM A COLD SPELL IN THE WET COMPOST TO BREAK THEIR DORMANCY. WE ADVISE COVERING SEEDS VERY THINLY WITH SAND OR FINE GRIT TO ABOUT THE DEPTH OF THE SEED SIZE. IF THE SEEDS DO NOT COME UP WITHIN 6 TO 12 WEEKS THE DAMP SEED TRAY CAN BE GIVEN COLD TREATMENT IN A FRIDGE FOR ABOUT FOUR WEEKS. THEY MAY STILL TAKE VERY MANY MONTHS TO APPEAR, SO PLEASE NEVER DISCARD THE POT OR TRAY.
Flower Specifications
Season: Perennial
USDA Zones: 4 – 9
Height: 8 – 12 inches
Bloom Season: Late spring to early fall
Environment: Full sun to partial shade
Soil Type: Well drained, dry, pH 5.8 – 6.8
Planting Directions
Temperature: 64F – 71F
Average Germ Time: 21 – 28 days
Light Required: Yes
Depth: Surface sow and press seeds in to soil
Sowing Rate: 2 – 3 seeds per plant
Moisture: Keep seeds moist until germination
Plant Spacing: 12 inches Select your desired size and color from the available option
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